Mathematical Approaches in Studying Stress

The world is changing due to several factors, from technological progress to active life time increase, from rushing for resources to huge gaps between the rich and the poor, from climate change to population aging, from global to national specific. All this and more so are the challenges for the world of work. One of the important problems of the global world today is the psychosocial risks that are perceived as more challenging than others, according to the Second European Survey of Enterprises on New and Emerging Risks ESENER-2 in 2014 (EU-OSHA 2015a). Psychosocial risks and occupational /organizational stress in particular are problems studied by many specialists (Anisman 2014; Băban 1998; Bodea 2012; Cooper, and Marshall 1976; Cox, 1978; Cox and Griffiths 2010; EU-OSHA 2000; Floru 1974; Golu 1981; Holt 1982; Kalimo, Lindström, and Smith 1997; Lazarus and Folkman 1984; Spielberger 2010).The literature has defined and identified some theories and factors associated with stress (the Demand–Control theory of Karasek (1979), the Person–Environment Fit theory of French, Caplan and Van Harrison (1982), the Transactional theories of Lazarus (1990)).


Introduction
The world is changing due to several factors, from technological progress to active life time increase, from rushing for resources to huge gaps between the rich and the poor, from climate change to population aging, from global to national specific.All this and more so are the challenges for the world of work.One of the important problems of the global world today is the psychosocial risks that are perceived as more challenging than others, according to the Second European Survey of Enterprises on New and Emerging Risks -ESENER-2 in 2014 (EU-OSHA 2015a).Psychosocial risks and occupational /organizational stress in particular are problems studied by many specialists (Anisman 2014;Băban 1998 Spielberger 2010).The literature has defined and identified some theories and factors associated with stress (the Demand-Control theory of Karasek (1979), the Person-Environment Fit theory of French, Caplan and Van Harrison (1982), the Transactional theories of Lazarus (1990)).
Stress, whose pioneer is Hans Selye (1956) and named it for the first time in the socalled "general adaptation syndrome" and describes it as a reaction of biological That is why it is very important to analyze the phenomenon from a statistical point of view and from the laws of variation point of view, to determine trends in the evolution of the phenomenon.Moreover, interdisciplinary research ensures an overview of the phenomenon and the best measure to be taken.The present work is part of broader research through which it analyses the situation in the mining and energy sector, represents a novelty in terms of study and apprehends stress as a phenomenon at all viable JIU Valley mining and Branches of Deva Electric Power Factory and Paroşeni Electric Power Factory.

Methodology and Aria of Research
The pilot study of research, which we present in this paper, was prepared on the basis of the results obtained as a result of organizational stress questionnaire interpretation, administered during the period May-June 2015 from employees at Exploatarea Miniera Lonea (E.M. Lonea), branch of the Energetic Complex Hunedoara (CEH), one of the viable mines (Bodea,et al. 2015).
Morbidity is considered to be an essential indicator of health status it is representing the phenomenon of illness in a community over a period of time (Bodea,

The Interpretation of the Results
Analysis of the demographic factors has taken into account several criteria for structuring the research area: average age, sex, marital status, family supporters, number of children, level of education, seniority, seniority in the workplace, the number of hours that are required to work per week, number of hours per week worked for real, who is the person who decides to work so many hours the post office, job and the level in hierarchy.Next, presenting and commenting some of those results.
• Considering the sex of subjects, a number of 52 decision makers are divided as follows: 32 subjects (61.53%) male and 20 subjects (38.47%) female.The share of about 40% of female staff is due to the inclusion of personnel TESA within the E.M. Lonea Staff.
• The average age of MS to this unit is 44.8 years, an advanced age for mining field.
• For the employees having a partner alongside, the question arises of whether this one works.Thus, 35 subjects (67.30%) the partner is working and for the 17 subjects (32.70%) do not work, so there is one sustainer in the family.• After seniority at this working place the situation of the subjects is as follows: 4 subjects (7.9%) have a length between 0-5 years, 4 subjects (7.69%) have a length between 6-10 years, 6 subjects (11.53%) have a length between 11-15 years, 5 subjects (9.61%) have a length between 16-20 years, 15 subjects (28.40%) have a length of between 21-25 years and 18 subjects (34.61%) had a length of over 25 years in the workplace , which indicates that the vast majority of subjects is approaching retirement/ leaving the system.
• Distribution of subjects MS according to their occupation or the level of hierarchy is situated is as follows: 30 (59.64%) engineers, 9 (15.38%) are economists, 1 (1.92%) is chief economic service, 6 (11.53%) head of sector and 6 (11.53%) deputy head of sector (Figure 4).Our analysis refers to MS and is successively following the items of the questionnaire from chapter 1, highlighting significant items in terms of the results obtained.
The chapter relating to the professional satisfaction shall be considered as a scale of assessment for all the items analyzed: 1 = very much satisfaction; 2 = a lot of satisfaction; 3 = neither satisfaction nor user dissatisfaction; 4 = a lot of dissatisfaction; 5 = very much dissatisfaction.
In terms of communication and the way the information circulate in the workplace, it accounted for 40% of the subjects polled who said they had a lot of satisfaction and more than a third who do not have any problem communicating in the workplace, havingcommunication problems, however, accounts for about 10% of MS.The work carried out in the present day brings a lot of satisfaction to almost half the population of MS, confirmed the percentage response 19.23 % very much satisfaction (Figure 5).We can generally affirm that the capacity to have a decision at work is not considered a problem from their perspective.

Source: authors
The leadership style used by seniors is categorized by lower hierarchical MS levels as thankful-for over 44% of subjects, bizarre situation for the outsiders, since the situation in mining is known as not being in line with the cohesion of the subjects investigated (Figure 6).21.15% leadership style of the superiors produces plenty and little dissatisfaction.Source: authors MS respond to the item "the extent to which they feel involved in the activity" at a rate of almost 62% that they are satisfied with the results, adversarial situation of their work results, which leads us to believe that their perception of the current situation is social desirable, that they don't have the courage to affirm the reality felt.This disguises the real existing situation-a continuous stress linked to the possibility of loss of job and fear of showing that cannot cope with the situation.From a psychological point of view, their goal is to keep self-respect and opinion that we should have about ourselves, to defuse psychological traumatic moments.It is about the psychological defense mechanisms that enable elimination or specific interpretation of unpleasant information, reducing the feeling level of anxiety that occurs as a result of awareness of inner conflict (Figure 7).

Mathematical Remarks
To mathematically quantify the phenomenon surprised in Chapter 1, we will develop a functional matrix (52x12), consisting of 52 (52 subjects) and 12 columns (12 items), which will feature on each line answers to the 12 items with values from 1 to 5 in the given order from the test, the lines being To all the other chapters these mathematical approaches can be applied, quantification and determinations of the law of change of overtaken phenomenon by each chapter, an approach to determine the phenomenon for each individual subject and for the entire group of subjects also-the interviewed decision makers.It may be extended as to determine a quotient for all 7 chapters and for all subjects, and a unique variation law of the whole phenomena found in the 7 chapters for all decision makers interviewed subjects.

Conclusions
Ambiguous organizational stress is defined in certain literature through the hundreds of elaborate definitions is as a phenomenon often analyzed.In terms of organization, there are two types of stress: directconsequence of reducing the number of considered alternatives, less systematic analysis of alternatives, confusion in decision-making; and indirect-appearance of delays, absenteeism, accidents, negative moods in terms of communication.
Our pilot research study confirmed the hypothesis of the existence of stress factors that contribute to the deterioration of the situation of the sector concerned.After analyzing in mathematical manner it was observed the continuous regression to satisfaction makers -the group that has not sought and does not have its own tools and institutional support in solving and improvement actions.The solutions can be applied on several levels.At personal level it is solved through self-knowledge, identification and awareness of the problems.Everyone can self-manage and priorities the various factors generating stress/dissatisfaction.At the organizational level appears the need to create a department, served by trained personnel, to identify, manage and improve these factors.The local community / society through coherent policies and strategies of the mining, energy, economy in general, social work, health, education, culture, must increase the quality of life of those in the mining sector and their families.
The mathematical approach presented in the paper, can be a tool, a scientific support of institutional factors in solving the problem of stress both for subjects/individual, the whole group of decision on some factor of stress or the whole phenomenon of stress work.
The trends obtained by mathematical approaches can be very useful in forecasting studies, in developing strategies and measures to prevent stress.

Figure 1 :
Figure 1: Number of children

Figure 3 :
Figure 3: Years of service of subjects MS

Figure 4 :
Figure 4: Distribution of subjects MS according to their occupation Source: authors

Figure 6 :
Figure 6: Appreciation of the leadership style used by seniors

Figure 8 :
Figure 8: Psychological atmosphere or existing climate at your work place Source: authors Irimie & Băleanu 2015)imie & Băleanu 2015).Knowing the economic and social effects of the disease, as well as the statistical data on the prevalence of occupational diseases, diseases related to chronic diseases, the indicators of morbidity with temporary incapacity for work (ITM) E.M. Lonea was chosen for the pilot study.The choice is based on the existing situation in E.M. Lonea, which according to the index of gravity is the place with the most days of the ITM, with most illnesses and diseases related profession, has index of gravity (IG) highest Bozdog & __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________ Sorin Pricope, Sabina Irimie and Luminița Muntean (2016), Journal of Eastern Europe Research in Business & Economics, DOI: 10.5171/2016.814896