@article{wik2021universal,
  title = {Universal Model of Organizational System},
  author = {Bogdan ĆWIK},
  year = 2021,
  url = {https://ibimapublishing.com/articles/JOMS/2021/341084/},
  journal = {Journal of Organizational Management Studies},
  volume = 2021,
  pages = 12,
  doi = 10.5171/2021.341084,
  abstract = {The basic premise of the article is that the reality surrounding all systems has been constituted by collections of various organizations that interact in various forms. These organizations change, evolve, develop and often fail. A feature of modern reality is the one that the organizations which create it, function in non-deterministic situations, mainly in risky or uncertain situations.  Hence, in numerous works of modern researchers, the terms "world of threats", "society of risk" and "world community of dangers", are found. There is a growing need for the development of different security systems, including the development of threat monitoring systems. The essence of these systems is the need to anticipate the development of the situation in order to take preventive measures in time. The paper presents the concept of a universal unit of reality, which is a theoretical and logical construct, based mainly on Ludwig von Bertalanffy's general system theory and Karl R. Popper's evolutionary epistemology. This unit has been given a working name of an organisational system model. The basic elements of such a unit, its structure and relations have been identified, and the principle of its functioning has been indicated. This principle expresses the logic of the development and functioning of such a unit. It is assumed that with the help of the developed model, hypothetical deductive reasoning or anticipation of the causes of occurring phenomena, as well as the mechanisms of events occurring in the turbulent environment of a modern organisation will be possible, allowing for more effective management of this organisation. The verification was made on the basis of the observation of actual organizational behavior. The concepts of three models were presented  and discussed, providing verifying examples.},
  keywords = {Organisational System, Threat Perception, Organisational System Development, Quantitative Development of An Organisation, Qualitative Development of An Organisation.},
  note = Article ID: 341084
}