@article{thangaraj2014homogeneous,
  title = {Homogeneous Catalytic Transesterification of Renewable Azadirachta indica (Neem) Oil and Its Derivatives to Biodiesel Fuel via Acid/Alkaline Esterification Processes},
  author = {Baskar Thangaraj and Kasturi Bai Ramachandran and Samuel Paul Raj},
  year = 2014,
  url = {https://ibimapublishing.com/articles/IJREB/2014/515961/},
  journal = {International Journal of Renewable Energy & Biofuels},
  volume = (2014),
  pages = 11,
  doi = 10.5171/2014.515961,
  abstract = {In this work biodiesel was prepared from the crude non-edible oil from the seeds of the neem tree (Azardirachta indica)using a two-step reaction systems such as acid and alkaline esterification with short chain alcohol like methanol and its physical and chemical properties  of synthesized biodiesel were examined . Important fuel properties of neem oil biodiesel  such as kinematic viscosity@ 40ºC (5.81 cSt), density @ 15ºC (0.898 g/m3), flash point (175ºC), pour point (8ºC), total sulfur content percent by mass (0.03), ash percent by mass (0.00), carbon residue  percent by mass (0.08), copper strip corrosion for 3 hour at 100ºC (Not worse than No. 1), sediment percent by mass (0.00), water content percent by mass (0.00) compared well with other methyl esters. Neem oil methyl ester (NOME) has blended with conventional diesel at various proportions and its physical property of kinematic viscosity was measured at the temperature range up to 95ºC. The viscosity of B20 (20% NOME + 80 % ordinary diesel)  blended with diesel has 3.81 cSt at 30ºC  close to conventional diesel and in other blends viscosity slightly close to conventional diesel . The quantification of methyl esters was analyzed by HPLC analysis. A maximum yield of 85% biodiesel was achieved using 1:8 molar ratio of oil to methanol with 0.08% volume of acid catalyst and 1% of NaOH catalyst at 60ºC by two step reaction processes.  },
  keywords = {Azardirachta indica, biodiesel, two step esterification process, transesterification},
  note = Article ID: 515961
}