@article{sauer2013syphilis,
  title = {Syphilis Revealed by Evocative Palmoplantar Eruption and Ocular Inflammation in HIV-Infected Patients Ocular Inflammation and HIV-Syphilis Co-Infection},
  author = {Arnaud Sauer and Nicolas Lefebvre},
  year = 2013,
  url = {https://ibimapublishing.com/articles/IJCRM/2013/701586/},
  journal = {International Journal of Case Reports in Medicine},
  volume = 2013 (2013),
  pages = 4,
  doi = 10.5171/2013.701586,
  abstract = {Background: After years of declining incidence in many countries, syphilis infection has re-emerged as a major public health problem in the last decade. Concomitant infection with HIV can cause syphilis to have atypical characteristics. Material and Methods: We report on 2 cases of syphilitic uveitis and one case of papilledema secondary to syphilis in patients co-infected with HIV. Results: The ocular manifestations of syphilis led to the discovery of HIV-1 seropositivity in two patients. All patients were male and homosexual. One patient presented with anterior uveitis and 1 patient had panuveitis. Bilateral optic nerve involvement was also observed in one patient. All patients presented with evocative palmoplantar eruption. All patients were treated with intravenous penicillin G and ceftriaxon. Ocular inflammation decreased and visual acuity improved in all patients. Conclusion: As a great imitator, syphilis may affect all ocular structures but none of ocular lesions are stereotyped. Palmoplantar eruption must be searched in any patient with ocular inflammation to suggest the diagnosis of syphilis. This rare combination is likely to be associated with patients suffering from HIV infection.},
  keywords = {HIV infection, Palmoplantar rash, Papilledema, Syphilis, Uveitis.},
  note = Article ID: 701586
}