@article{varis2014photoplethysmographic,
  title = {Photoplethysmographic Pulse Wave Velocity Measurement is Not Enough Sensitive and Specific Compared to Conventional Ultrasonographic Technique},
  author = {Juha Varis and Ilkka Kantola},
  year = 2014,
  url = {https://ibimapublishing.com/articles/CARD/2014/706657/},
  journal = {Journal of Research in Cardiology},
  volume = 2014 (2014),
  pages = 7,
  doi = 10.5171/2014.706657,
  abstract = {Measuring pulse wave velocity (PWV) is generally accepted as the simplest non-invasive, reproducible method for assessing large artery stiffness. However, it is quite time consuming and, because of this, not used in general practice. We compared Doppler ultrasound carotid-femoral PWV measurements to the simpler and easier stiffness index (SI) measured photoplethysmographically in 337 drug-treated hypertensive patients (189 men and 148 women) aged 32-88 years. The value of carotid-femoral (C-F) PWV >12.0 m/s corresponded to >9.82 m/s by the SI.  SI measured photoplethysmographically correlated significantly (r=0.164, p=0.024) with the C-F PWV in males, but not females (r=-0.073, p=0.377) nor the whole study population (r=0.098, p=0.074). The sensitivity of the SI result was 54.4 % and its specificity 56.2 % compared to C-F PWV. The positive predictive value of SI was 27.6 % and the negative predictive value 80.1 % compared to C-F PWV. Although there was a significant correlation between the golden standard (C-F PWV) and SI measured photoplethysmographically in males, the correlation was weak and thus the photoplethysmographically measured SI was not sufficiently sensitive and specific enough to separate patients with high (>12.0 m/s) pulse wave velocity measured by Doppler ultrasound, and its positive and negative predictive values were poor,   Our results suggest that PWV measured photoplethysmographically, although simple and fast, does not detect the same patients with high pulse wave velocity as Doppler ultrasound.},
  keywords = {Pulse wave velocity; Doppler ultrasound, Photoplethysmography; Stiffness index.},
  note = Article ID: 706657
}