@article{elabd2015relation,
  title = {Relation between Hypoxic Markers P65, P50, CAIX, and Tumor Stages in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Subtypes},
  author = {Eman El-Abd and Cecil A. Matta and Manal Sheta and Yasser El-Kerm and Mohammed Samy Afifi and Traki Benhassine and Sarah Meftahi and Shimaa Sakr  and  Baseem Elsherbini},
  year = 2015,
  url = {https://ibimapublishing.com/articles/ACRT/2015/965854/},
  journal = {Advances in Cancer Research & Treatment},
  volume = 2015 (2015),
  pages = 19,
  doi = 10.5171/2015.965854,
  abstract = {Background: Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-B) family comprises 5 members (p50, p52, relA/p65, c-rel and relB) which are induced in response to a wide variety of stimuli including hypoxia. Continuous activation of NF-B is an important factor in the onset and progression of breast carcinoma. Hypoxia also induces carbonic anhydrase 9 (CAIX) that regulates pH and is linked to poor prognosis in breast cancer. Research motivation: The current study aims to investigate the relation between hypoxic markers, p65, p50, CAIX and tumor stage in IDC (invasive ductal carcinoma) subtypes. Research design/methodology: The study included 31 IDC patients. Breast tissues collected during surgery and classified according to estrogen receptor alpha (ER, progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) status. Normal breast tissues were also collected to serve as self controls. Nuclear protein extracted and both RelA/p65 and p50 protein assessed by ready to use enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a transcription factor assay kits; respectively. CAIX protein expression was detected by blotting techniques. Main findings: RelA/p65 concentration significantly increased in breast carcinoma (p = 0.028) irrelevant to tumor stage, size, grade, nodal status, p50, CAIX or IDC subtypes. P50 binding activity significantly increased with higher tumor grade (P = 0.042). A significant inverse correlation was observed between p50 and ER (r = -0.53, p = 0.002) and between CAIX and the number of the involved lymph nodes (r = -0.42, p = 0.020). Implications: Although no relation was observed between p65, p50, and CAIX, binding activity of p50 and CAIX concentration might be used as prognostic markers in IDC.},
  keywords = {Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-B), invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) subtypes, carbonic anhydrase 9 (CAIX)},
  note = Article ID: 965854
}