State Fiscal Monopolies of Peter the Great

In this research, authors studied the role and importance of state monopolies in the economic policy of Peter I, compared various literary sources. At the same time, the authors distinguished four concepts: ‘monopoly’, ‘regalia’, ‘tax farming’, ‘state management’. Authors compiled a detailed list of monopolies that operated during the reign of Peter I and found that their number doubled during this period, but almost all of them were aimed only at restricting the freedom to sell certain types of goods. The study also analysed the structure and dynamics of budget revenues at the end of 17th–beg. 18th centuries. According to the results, it was found that in the summary data on state revenues, information on receipts from only three monopolies (mint, salt and postal) was separately distinguished. Only the salt monopoly was a fiscal monopoly, information on the remaining monopoly revenues was included in the indirect taxes.