Industry 5.0 is increasingly understood as a human-centric, resilient, and sustainable extension of digital industrial transformation, yet empirical evidence on its implementation at firm level remains limited. Existing studies have relied largely on conceptual discussion or expert-based prioritisation techniques, while the structural relationships among implementation…

We study the effects of batch normalization and spatial dropout on the performance of VGG-11, Network in Network, and GoogLeNet architectures. We incorporate these regularization techniques into each model and evaluate their impact on classification accuracy and average loss. Experimental results show that spatial dropout…

Greenwashing refers to deceptive green marketing strategies used by companies and organizations to enhance their competitive edge and generate higher profits by appealing to environmentally conscious consumers. This practice arises when the actions of these entities do not align with the claims they make regarding…

In vocational and technical training, remote instruction involves a trainer guiding a learner through a hands-on procedure from another location. Video conferencing is often used for this purpose, but it provides limited support for linking the trainer's verbal guidance to the relevant equipment component, workspace…

Contemporary higher education faces increasing pressure to equip economics and management graduates with practical, decision-making competencies transferable to professional environments undergoing rapid transformation associated with Industry 4.0. At the same time, the cognitive and motivational profiles of Generation Z students – shaped by immersive digital…

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a significant increase in students enrolling in postgraduate programs in Management Accounting and Controlling at the University of Lodz (Poland). Online exams have become a common method for evaluating students' knowledge, both in fully remote courses and hybrid models.…