People In a Special Situation on The Labour Market in Poland – Problems Support Instruments and Economic Implications

This article focuses on analysing the situation of people in a vulnerable position on the labour market in Poland, with particular emphasis on young adults (up to 30 years of age), the long-term unemployed and people over 50. The main objective of the study is to identify the difficulties faced by representatives of these groups in the labour market. Despite the growing number of studies on unemployment, there is still a lack of comprehensive analyses that take into account both statistical data and the perspective of those concerned. The study aims to fill this gap by providing a multidimensional diagnosis of the problems faced by these groups and their economic consequences.

The study analysed statistical data from the Ministry of Family, Labour and Social Policy for the years 2019–2023 and conducted in-depth individual interviews (IDI) with 78 people meeting the statutory criteria for groups in a special situation on the labour market. This made it possible to diagnose both structural and subjective factors contributing to difficulties in accessing employment.

The results indicate diverse problems for different groups: young adults struggle with skills mismatch and job insecurity, people aged 50+ experience age discrimination and outdated qualifications, while the long-term unemployed struggle with loss of motivation and psychological barriers. The article emphasises the need to develop individualised and long-term support programmes to reduce the effects of professional exclusion.