Industry 5.0 is increasingly understood as a human-centric, resilient, and sustainable extension of digital industrial transformation, yet empirical evidence on its implementation at firm level remains limited. Existing studies have relied largely on conceptual discussion or expert-based prioritisation techniques, while the structural relationships among implementation…

We study the effects of batch normalization and spatial dropout on the performance of VGG-11, Network in Network, and GoogLeNet architectures. We incorporate these regularization techniques into each model and evaluate their impact on classification accuracy and average loss. Experimental results show that spatial dropout…

Greenwashing refers to deceptive green marketing strategies used by companies and organizations to enhance their competitive edge and generate higher profits by appealing to environmentally conscious consumers. This practice arises when the actions of these entities do not align with the claims they make regarding…

The Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 triggered an unprecedented energy crisis in Europe, radically altering the academic discourse surrounding the continent’s energy transition. This study conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the scientific literature published between 2022 and 2026 to evaluate the effects…

The 2022 invasion of Ukraine reframed renewable deployment in Europe as a question of energy security and sovereignty rather than only climate policy, prompting claims that geopolitical shocks accelerate the transition. Whether this rhetorical shift translated into a measurable change in the pace of renewable…

This study investigates whether the renewable energy transition in the EU-27 has followed a common path or a "two-speed" pattern characterised by persistent leaders and laggards. Although successive EU policy frameworks RED I, RED II, and the European Green Deal established shared objectives, empirical evidence…